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Italy

Italian Republic

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a parliamentary republic with its capital in Rome. This page brings together source-cited key facts, international memberships, economic and social indicators and practical information.

Independent referenceNot affiliated with any government
Sources citedFigures link to the sources listed below
Data status Under reviewLast updated 24 September 2026
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Key facts

Core reference data for Italy. Numbers in brackets link to the sources at the end of this page.

Official name
Italian Republic [1]
Capital
Rome [2]
Official language
Italian [2]
Population
58,915,656 [2]2025
Area
301,340 km² [2]
Currency
Euro (EUR)
Time zone
Europe/Rome [4]
Calling code
+39
Internet domain
.it
UN member since
14 December 1955 [3]
Recognition
Universally Recognized
Official portal
governo.it

Government and leadership

Form of government
Parliamentary republic [1]
Head of state
Sergio Mattarella [1]
Head of government
Giorgia Meloni [1]
Parliament
Parliament of Italy315 seats
Constitution
1 January 1948 [1]
Independence
4 October 2026 [2]
Legal system
Civil Law

International memberships

Membership status in major international organizations and groups.

  • UNUnited Nations, since 1955Member
  • EUEuropean UnionMember
  • NATONorth Atlantic Treaty OrganizationMember
  • SchengenSchengen AreaMember
  • IMFInternational Monetary FundMember
  • World BankWorld Bank GroupMember
  • WTOWorld Trade OrganizationMember
  • G20Group of TwentyMember
  • G7Group of SevenMember
  • UNSC P5Permanent seat, UN Security CouncilNot a member

Economy

Headline indicators. Values marked est. are projections for the current or a future year.

GDP
$2,552 B [5]2025
GDP per capita
$43,309 [5]2025
GDP growth
0.5% [5]2025
Inflation
1.5% [5]2025
Unemployment
6.4% [5]2025
Exports
$655 B [10]Reference year not recorded
Imports
$773 B [10]Reference year not recorded

Main exports

  • Machinery
  • Vehicles
  • Food
  • Metals
  • Clothing

Main imports

  • Machinery
  • Oil
  • Chemicals
  • Vehicles
  • Food

Geography

Area
301,340square kilometres
Coastline
7,600kilometres
Highest point
4,808 mMont Blanc
Coordinates
41.8955, 12.4823Geographic centre (approx.)

Bordering countries

Society and development

Life expectancy
84.0 years [10]Reference year not recorded
Literacy rate
99.3% [10]2019
Human Development Index
0.906 [6]Rank 30, 2022
Corruption Perceptions Index
54/100 [7]Reference year not recorded
Press freedom rank
56 [8]Reference year not recorded
Internet use
89.2% [10]of population
International tourist arrivals
38.4 M [11]2020
Majority religion
Christianity

Practical information

Emergency number
113
Driving side
Right
Electricity
230
Plug types
  • Type C
  • Type F
  • Type L
Tap water
Generally safe to drinkLocal conditions can vary; follow local advice.
Calling code
+39

Travel and visa

Passport rank
3 [9]Henley Passport Index
Visa-free or on-arrival access
189 [9]destinations for this country's passport holders

Visiting Italy? Check official sources before you travel

Entry requirements depend on your nationality, the purpose of your trip and the length of your stay, and they can change at short notice. NexaNations does not provide immigration or legal advice.

Quick answers

What is the capital of Italy?

The capital of Italy is Rome.

What currency does Italy use?

Italy uses the Euro (EUR).

What is the official language of Italy?

The official language of Italy is Italian.

What is the emergency number in Italy?

The emergency number in Italy is 113.

Which side of the road do people drive on in Italy?

In Italy, traffic drives on the right.

Sources

  1. Official government portal of Italy. governo.it
  2. Wikidata, item Q38. wikidata.org
  3. United Nations, member states. un.org
  4. GeoNames, entry 3175395. geonames.org
  5. International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook. imf.org
  6. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report. hdr.undp.org
  7. Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index. transparency.org
  8. Reporters Without Borders, World Press Freedom Index. rsf.org
  9. Henley and Partners, Henley Passport Index. henleyglobal.com
  10. World Bank, World Development Indicators. data.worldbank.org
  11. UN Tourism, tourism statistics. untourism.int

Data last updated on 24 September 2026. Read how we select and verify sources in our methodology.

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