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Egypt

Arab Republic of Egypt

Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a presidential republic with its capital in Cairo. This page brings together source-cited key facts, international memberships, economic and social indicators and practical information.

Independent referenceNot affiliated with any government
Sources citedFigures link to the sources listed below
Data status Under reviewLast updated 24 September 2026
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Key facts

Core reference data for Egypt. Numbers in brackets link to the sources at the end of this page.

Official name
Arab Republic of Egypt [1]
Capital
Cairo [2]
Official language
Arabic [2]
Population
118,365,995 [2]2025
Area
1,002,450 km² [2]
Currency
Egyptian pound (EGP)
Time zone
Africa/Cairo [4]
Calling code
+20
Internet domain
.eg
UN member since
24 October 1945 [3]
Recognition
Universally Recognized
Official portal
presidency.eg

Government and leadership

Form of government
Presidential republic [1]
Head of state
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi [1]
Head of government
Moustafa Madbouly [1]
Parliament
Parliament of Egypt568 seats
Constitution
18 January 2014 [1]
Independence
4 October 2026 [2]
Legal system
Civil Law

International memberships

Membership status in major international organizations and groups.

  • UNUnited Nations, since 1945Member
  • IMFInternational Monetary FundMember
  • World BankWorld Bank GroupMember
  • WTOWorld Trade OrganizationMember
  • EUEuropean UnionNot a member
  • NATONorth Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNot a member
  • SchengenSchengen AreaNot a member
  • G20Group of TwentyNot a member
  • G7Group of SevenNot a member
  • UNSC P5Permanent seat, UN Security CouncilNot a member

Economy

Headline indicators. Values marked est. are projections for the current or a future year.

GDP
$365 B [5]2025
GDP per capita
$3,086 [5]2025
GDP growth
4.4% [5]2025
Inflation
14.1% [5]2025
Unemployment
6.8% [5]2025
Exports
$42 B [10]Reference year not recorded
Imports
$115 B [10]Reference year not recorded

Main exports

  • Petroleum
  • Textiles
  • Gold
  • Chemicals
  • Machinery

Main imports

  • Machinery
  • Food
  • Oil
  • Vehicles
  • Metals

Geography

Area
1,002,450square kilometres
Coastline
2,450kilometres
Highest point
2,629 mMount Catherine
Coordinates
30.0982, 31.2461Geographic centre (approx.)

Bordering countries

Society and development

Life expectancy
71.8 years [10]Reference year not recorded
Literacy rate
79.5% [10]2022
Human Development Index
0.728 [6]Rank 105, 2022
Corruption Perceptions Index
30/100 [7]Reference year not recorded
Press freedom rank
169 [8]Reference year not recorded
Internet use
74.6% [10]of population
International tourist arrivals
13.0 M [11]2019
Majority religion
Islam

Practical information

Emergency number
122
Driving side
Right
Electricity
220
Plug types
  • Type C
Tap water
Generally safe to drinkLocal conditions can vary; follow local advice.
Calling code
+20

Travel and visa

Passport rank
86 [9]Henley Passport Index
Visa-free or on-arrival access
48 [9]destinations for this country's passport holders

Visiting Egypt? Check official sources before you travel

Entry requirements depend on your nationality, the purpose of your trip and the length of your stay, and they can change at short notice. NexaNations does not provide immigration or legal advice.

Quick answers

What is the capital of Egypt?

The capital of Egypt is Cairo.

What currency does Egypt use?

Egypt uses the Egyptian pound (EGP).

What is the official language of Egypt?

The official language of Egypt is Arabic.

What is the emergency number in Egypt?

The emergency number in Egypt is 122.

Which side of the road do people drive on in Egypt?

In Egypt, traffic drives on the right.

Sources

  1. Official government portal of Egypt. presidency.eg
  2. Wikidata, item Q79. wikidata.org
  3. United Nations, member states. un.org
  4. GeoNames, entry 357994. geonames.org
  5. International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook. imf.org
  6. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report. hdr.undp.org
  7. Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index. transparency.org
  8. Reporters Without Borders, World Press Freedom Index. rsf.org
  9. Henley and Partners, Henley Passport Index. henleyglobal.com
  10. World Bank, World Development Indicators. data.worldbank.org
  11. UN Tourism, tourism statistics. untourism.int

Data last updated on 24 September 2026. Read how we select and verify sources in our methodology.

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